A window into what we’re reading at the Wilson Center’s Environmental Change and Security Program

Congo Takes Apple to Court (Foreign Policy)

The Democratic Republic of the Congo has filed criminal lawsuits against Apple subsidiaries in France and Belgium, alleging that the company profits from smuggled conflict minerals laundered through Rwanda. This legal action follows the seizure of key mining areas by M23 rebels, which has further fueled a conflict that already has killed over 8,500 people. Apple denies the claims, stating that it ordered its suppliers to suspend sourcing from Congo and Rwanda.

The Congo’s lawsuit argues that Apple is misleading consumers about ethical sourcing, and points to reports that show minerals from conflict zones are falsely being labeled as clean. While France has dismissed the lawsuit, Belgium has launched a criminal probe, intensifying the scrutiny of Apple’s supply chain.

The growing demand for critical minerals for global tech means that the African nation’s case raises questions about corporate responsibility. More broadly, the EU also now faces pressure to reconsider its own mineral deal with Rwanda over concerns that the agreement may be enabling conflict rather than preventing it.

READ | Going Beyond “Conflict-free”: Transition Minerals Governance in DRC and Rwanda

Success and Uncertainty: Brazil’s Fight Against Illegal Mining in Munduruku Territory (Mongabay)

While a recent Brazilian government crackdown has curbed illegal mining in the Munduruku Indigenous Territory, fears persist that these miners will return once security forces withdraw from the region. While the government’s operation destroyed camps and equipment, contamination and deforestation still create impacts for the 6,500 Munduruku people who live in the area, some of whom are reported to have engaged in mining efforts.

Without long-term enforcement, the victory against illegal mining may be short-lived. Brazil’s Federal Police, Army, and environmental agencies took action after a Supreme Court order demanding a stronger response. Advocacy groups such as the Pusuro Indigenous Association and ISA warn that powerful criminal networks fund mining, arm recruits, and exploit financial loopholes in order to keep the industry alive.

Illegal mining thrives on weak enforcement, high profits, and a lack of alternative employment opportunities. So it is likely that evictions alone won’t work. Brazil also must target financial backers and offer alternative livelihoods for those who are drawn to illegal mining. The real test as whether this crackdown is just a pause or a lasting solution is just beginning.

READ | China’s Critical Mineral Model in Latin America

Rising Seas Threaten to Swallow Ghanaian Community (Associated Press)

Rising seas and stronger tidal waves now threaten the Ghanaian community of Agavedzi, as these catastrophes destroy homes, displace families, and unearth cemeteries. One recent surge swept away 51 houses, leaving hundreds homeless. Residents now fear for their future.

Locals blame climate change and plead for government-built sea defenses, but their calls go unanswered. Homes in the community used to lie much further from the shore. Now, the ocean has consumed what land once existed between their homes and the sea and threatens to swallow what’s left. Nearby communities have received protections, but Agavedzi remains exposed.

A new AP photo essay tells this tale. It makes the case that the people of Agavedzi have lost more than land; their history, security, and livelihoods also are receding. As generations-old homes are vanishing, families who thought they would remain forever have lost their homes and in some cases their jobs.

READ | Climate and Coastal Adaptation: The Need for Urgent Planning