This article originally appeared on Enheduanna, a blog of the Wilson Center’s Middle East Women’s Initiative.

Only a few years ago, the world celebrated the women-led revolution in Sudan that ousted the former dictator Omer El-Basher after 30 years in power. Women were fed up with his government. Those who used to live in the urban areas experienced the humiliating public order laws: they were arrested and flogged for wearing trousers or walking around with no headscarves.

The Dot-Mom column of the Environmental Change and Security Program’s New Security Beat blog serves as a platform for diverse perspectives and insights from global experts in maternal and global health, gender equality, and peace and security. In 2024, the Dot-Mom column, hosted by the Wilson Center’s Maternal Health Initiative, was marked by an incredible number of guest contributor articles.

“When babies are born early, they actually are not prepared to be in an environment that’s below [the temperature] of the human body, and they have to start pulling calories to be able to keep their body temperature at 37 degrees Celsius,” said Dr. Ann Hansen, a neonatologist at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Boston Children’s Hospital and Founder of the Global Newborn Solution during a recent event held in commemoration of World Prematurity Day. “To keep them in what we call a thermal neutral environment, they need to have an external heat source.”

In October 2024, women from countries across the globe converged on New York for the United Nations Security Council’s annual open debate on Women, Peace and Security (WPS).

In Nigeria, however, thousands of women and girls were sighing in despair. Many of them were thinking about where they might find their next meal. A humanitarian crisis in Nigeria’s northeast region remains critical, and people living there are in dire need of food, clothing and shelter.

In August 2013, Josephine Majani, a mother of three from Bungoma County in Kenya, endured a harrowing birth experience. Despite her repeated pleas for help during labor, the nurses in the hospital ignored her. She struggled to walk to the labor ward while in intense pain, but all of its beds were occupied. Majani was forced to give birth on the cold concrete floor. Subsequently, nurses there subjected her to verbal and physical abuse—even making her carry her placenta back to the labor ward.

Over the last four decades, contracting HIV has been transformed from a fatal diagnosis to a manageable chronic illness. Political will and financial commitments have reduced new HIV infections worldwide by 39 percent since 2010. However, much work still is needed to meet global targets of preventing new cases of HIV and reducing AIDS-related deaths. Marginalized communities, including women and girls, face countless barriers which hinder progress towards comprehensive HIV prevention across the planet.

Maternal health among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains a largely unexplored and frequently neglected area within the public health field. Adolescent birth rates remain disproportionately high in LMICs, accounting for approximately 97% of all adolescent births globally. The prevalence of child marriage, poverty, gender-based violence, and limited access to and utilization of contraceptive methods all contribute to this startling statistic.